Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere and is ranked 149th of 182 countries on the Human Development Index. A magnitude 8.0 earthquake struck the Dominican Republic and shook Haiti on 4 August 1946, producing a tsunami that killed 1,790 people and injured many others. Cap-Haïtien, other towns in the north of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, and the Sans-Souci Palace were destroyed during an earthquake on. He described damage done by an earthquake in 1751, writing that "only one masonry building had not collapsed" in Port-au-Prince he also wrote that the "whole city collapsed" in the 1770 Port-au-Prince earthquake.
During Haiti's time as a French colony, earthquakes were recorded by French historian Moreau de Saint-Méry (1750–1819). The island of Hispaniola, shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic, is seismically active and has a history of destructive earthquakes. On 22 January, the United Nations noted that the emergency phase of the relief operation was drawing to a close, and on the following day, the Haitian government officially called off the search for survivors. Delays in aid distribution led to angry appeals from aid workers and survivors, and looting and sporadic violence were observed. Īs rescues tailed off, supplies, medical care and sanitation became priorities. Port-au-Prince's morgues were overwhelmed with tens of thousands of bodies. Communication systems, air, land, and sea transport facilities, hospitals, and electrical networks had been damaged by the earthquake, which hampered rescue and aid efforts confusion over who was in charge, air traffic congestion, and problems with prioritising flights further complicated early relief work. The most-watched telethon in history aired on 22 January, called " Hope for Haiti Now," raising US$58 million by the next day. Many countries responded to appeals for humanitarian aid, pledging funds and dispatching rescue and medical teams, engineers and support personnel. The headquarters of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), located in the capital, collapsed, killing many, including the Mission's Chief, Hédi Annabi. Among those killed were Archbishop of Port-au-Prince Joseph Serge Miot, and opposition leader Micha Gaillard.
Notable landmark buildings were significantly damaged or destroyed, including the Presidential Palace, the National Assembly building, the Port-au-Prince Cathedral, and the main jail. The earthquake caused major damage in Port-au-Prince, Jacmel and other cities in the region.
The nation's history of national debt, prejudicial trade policies by other countries, and foreign intervention into national affairs contributed to the existing poverty and poor housing conditions that increased the death toll from the disaster. The government of Haiti estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged. Death toll estimates range from 100,000 to about 160,000 to Haitian government figures from 220,000 to 316,000, although these latter figures are a matter of some dispute. An estimated three million people were affected by the quake. The epicenter was near the town of Léogâne, Ouest department, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital.īy 24 January, at least 52 aftershocks measuring 4.5 or greater had been recorded. A catastrophic magnitude 7.0 M w earthquake struck Haiti at 16:53 local time (21:53 UTC) on Tuesday, 12 January 2010.
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